Africa is known as the reservoir and origin of most pathogenic and nonpathogenic MAVs spreading around the globe. MBVs and their vectors (e.g., Aedes, Culex etc.) are an increasing public, veterinary, and global health concern. Mosquito-associated viruses (MAVs) include mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and mosquito-borne (arbo)viruses (MBVs). Additionally, these data highlight the need to increase our understanding of MAVs and their impact on host mosquito ecology, to improve our knowledge of arbovirus transmission, and to develop specific strategies and capacities for arboviral disease surveillance, diagnostic, prevention, control, and outbreak responses in West Africa. These findings outline MAV, related mosquitoes, key knowledge gaps, and future research areas. Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes albopictus are incriminated as key arbovirus vectors. However, more data are available on MBVs (i.e., dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and Rift Valley fever viruses), detected in wild and domestic animals, and humans, with infections more concentrated in urban areas and areas affected by strong anthropogenic changes. Data on MSVs, and mosquito and vertebrate host ranges are sparse. Data on MAVs’ occurrence and related mosquitoes were extracted from peer-reviewed publications. As in-depth knowledge of the ecologies of both western African MAVs and related mosquitoes is still limited, we review available and comprehensive data on their diversity, abundance, and distribution. Mosquito-associated viruses (MAVs), including mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and mosquito-borne (arbo)viruses (MBVs), are an increasing public, veterinary, and global health concern, and West Africa is projected to be the next front for arboviral diseases.
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